Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga bugezweho, ibikoresho byinshi byubuhanga hamwe nubukomere bukabije birakoreshwa, mugihe tekinoroji gakondo yo guhindura ibintu idafite ubushobozi cyangwa ntishobora kugera kubitunganya bimwe mubikoresho bikomeye cyane.Carbide isize, ceramics, PCBN nibindi bikoresho bya superhard bifite ubukana bwo hejuru cyane, ubukana bwimyambarire hamwe nubushyuhe bwa termo-chimique, butanga ibyangombwa byibanze byibanze byo guca ibikoresho bikomeye, kandi byungutse byinshi mubikorwa.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa nigikoresho cya superhard nuburyo bwibikoresho byububiko hamwe nibipimo bya geometrike nibintu byibanze kugirango tumenye guhinduka gukomeye.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bya superhard no gushushanya ibikoresho bifatika hamwe na geometrike ni ngombwa kugirango tugere ku gihinduka gikomeye!
(1) Carbide isize isima
Koresha igice kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya TiN, TiCN, TiAlN na Al3O2 hamwe no kurwanya kwambara neza kubikoresho bya karbide ya sima hamwe nubukomezi bwiza, kandi ubunini bwikibiriti ni 2-18 μ m.Ubusanzwe igifuniko gifite ubushyuhe buke cyane kuruta ibikoresho bya substrate nibikoresho byakazi, bigabanya imbaraga zubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya substrate;Kurundi ruhande, irashobora kunoza neza guterana no gufatira mugikorwa cyo guca no kugabanya kubyara ubushyuhe bwo guca.
Nubwo gutwikira PVD byerekana ibyiza byinshi, ibifuniko bimwe nka Al2O3 na diyama bikunda gukoresha tekinoroji ya CVD.Al2O3 ni ubwoko bwo gutwikisha imbaraga zirwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya okiside, bishobora gutandukanya ubushyuhe buturuka mugukata igikoresho runaka.Tekinoroji ya CVD irashobora kandi guhuza ibyiza byimyenda itandukanye kugirango igere ku ngaruka nziza yo gukata no guhuza ibikenewe byo gukata.
Ugereranije nibikoresho bya sima ya sima, ibikoresho bya karbide isize sima byateye imbere cyane mumbaraga, gukomera no kwihanganira kwambara.Iyo uhinduye igihangano hamwe nuburemere bwa HRC45 ~ 55, karbide ihendutse isize karbide irashobora kubona ihinduka ryihuse.Mu myaka yashize, abayikora bamwe batezimbere imikorere yibikoresho bisize bitezimbere ibikoresho byo gutwikira hamwe nubundi buryo.Kurugero, bamwe mubakora muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika nu Buyapani bakoresha ibikoresho byo gutwikira Alisiyonike yo mu Busuwisi hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rishya ryatwikiriye kugira ngo babyaze ibyuma bifatanye kandi bikomeye kugeza kuri HV4500 ~ 4900, bishobora kugabanya ibyuma bya HRC47 ~ 58 bipfa ku muvuduko wa 498.56m / min. .Iyo ubushyuhe bwo guhinduka bugera kuri 1500 ~ 1600 ° C, ubukana buracyagabanuka kandi ntibushobora okiside.Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwicyuma bwikubye inshuro enye ubw'icyuma gisanzwe, mugihe ikiguzi ari 30% gusa, kandi gufatira ni byiza.
(2) Ceramicmaterial
Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ibiyigize, imiterere nigikorwa cyingutu, cyane cyane iterambere rya nanotehnologiya, ibikoresho byibikoresho bya ceramic bituma bishoboka gukomera ibikoresho byubutaka.Mu minsi ya vuba, ububumbyi bushobora gutera impinduramatwara ya gatatu mugukata nyuma yicyuma cyihuta na karbide ya sima.Ibikoresho bya ceramic bifite ibyiza byo gukomera cyane (HRA91 ~ 95), imbaraga nyinshi (imbaraga zunamye 750 ~ 1000MPa), kwihanganira kwambara neza, guhagarara neza kwimiti, guhangana neza na adhesion, coefficient de fraisse nkeya nigiciro gito.Ntabwo aribyo gusa, ibikoresho byubutaka nabyo bifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, bugera kuri HRA80 kuri 1200 ° C.
Mugihe cyo gukata bisanzwe, igikoresho ceramic gifite uburebure burebure cyane, kandi umuvuduko wacyo wo gukata urashobora kuba hejuru inshuro 2 ~ 5 kurenza karbide ya sima.Irakwiriye cyane cyane gutunganya ibikoresho bikomeye, kurangiza no gutunganya byihuse.Irashobora guca ibyuma bitandukanye bikomye hamwe nicyuma gikomeye hamwe nicyuma kugeza HRC65.Bikunze gukoreshwa ni ceramique ishingiye kuri alumina, silicon nitride ishingiye kumubumbyi, cermets na whisker coughened ceramics.
Ibikoresho bya ceramic bishingiye kuri Alumina bifite ubukana butukura kuruta karbide ya sima.Mubisanzwe, gukata ntibishobora kubyara plastike mugihe cyihuta cyo kugabanya, ariko imbaraga nubukomezi biri hasi cyane.Kugirango tunoze ubukana bwayo ningaruka zo guhangana, ZrO cyangwa TiC na TiN bivanze birashobora kongerwamo.Ubundi buryo nukwongeramo icyuma cyiza cyangwa silicon karbide whiskers.Usibye gukomera gutukura cyane, silicon nitride ishingiye kumubumbyi nayo ifite ubukana bwiza.Ugereranije nubutaka bushingiye kuri alumina, ibibi byayo nuko byoroshye kubyara ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe utunganya ibyuma, byongera kwambara ibikoresho.Ububiko bwa silicon nitride bukoreshwa cyane cyane muguhinduranya rimwe na rimwe no gusya ibyuma bishushe.
Cermet ni ubwoko bwibikoresho bishingiye kuri karbide, aho TiC aricyo cyiciro cyingenzi (0.5-2 μ m) Bahujwe na Co cyangwa Ti binders kandi bisa nibikoresho bya karbide ya sima, ariko bifite aho bihurira, guterana neza nibyiza kwambara.Irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije kuruta karbide isanzwe, ariko ikabura imbaraga zo kurwanya karbide ya sima, ubukana mugihe cyo gukata cyane n'imbaraga kumuvuduko muke nibiryo binini.
(3) Cubic boron nitride (CBN)
CBN ni iya kabiri nyuma ya diyama mu gukomera no kwambara, kandi ifite ubukana buhebuje bwo hejuru.Ugereranije nubutaka, ubukana bwabwo nubushyuhe bwa chimique birakennye gato, ariko imbaraga zabyo nibikorwa byo kurwanya guhonyora nibyiza.Irakoreshwa cyane mugukata ibyuma bikomye (HRC ≥ 50), pearlitic gray cast cast, icyuma gikonje hamwe na superalloy.Ugereranije nibikoresho bya sima ya sima, umuvuduko wacyo wo kugabanuka urashobora kwiyongera kumurongo umwe wubunini.
Igikoresho cya polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) gifite ibikoresho byinshi bya CBN bifite ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza, imbaraga zo kwikuramo imbaraga hamwe ningaruka zikomeye.Ibibi byayo ni ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro nubushakashatsi buke bwimiti.Irakwiriye gukata ibishishwa birwanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma hamwe nicyuma gishingiye ku byuma.Ibiri mubice bya CBN mubikoresho bya PCBN ni bike, kandi ubukana bwibikoresho bya PCBN ukoresheje ceramics nka binder ni bike, ariko bigizwe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro hamwe nubushakashatsi buke bwimiti yibikoresho byahoze, kandi birakwiriye gukata ibyuma bikomeye.
Mugihe ukata ibyuma bisize ibyuma nicyuma gikomeye, igikoresho ceramic cyangwa ibikoresho bya CBN birashobora gutoranywa.Kubera iyo mpamvu, inyungu-yinyungu nogutunganya isesengura ryiza bigomba gukorwa kugirango hamenyekane uwo wahitamo.Iyo gukata gukomeye biri munsi ya HRC60 kandi igipimo gito cyo kugaburira cyemewe, igikoresho ceramic nikintu cyiza.Ibikoresho bya PCBN birakwiriye gukata ibihangano bifite ubukana burenze HRC60, cyane cyane kubikora byikora no gutunganya neza.Byongeye kandi, imihangayiko isigaye kumurimo wakazi nyuma yo gukata hamwe nigikoresho cya PCBN nayo irahagaze neza ugereranije nigikoresho cyibumba ceramic muburyo bwo kwambara kumpande imwe.
Iyo ukoresheje igikoresho cya PCBN kugirango wumishe gukata ibyuma bikomye, amahame akurikira nayo agomba gukurikizwa: hitamo ubujyakuzimu bunini bwo gutema kure hashoboka hashingiwe ko ubukana bwigikoresho cyimashini bwemerera, kugirango ubushyuhe buturuka mukarere kaciwe bushobora koroshya icyuma imbere yuruhande rwaho, gishobora kugabanya neza kwambara ibikoresho bya PCBN.Byongeye kandi, mugihe ukoresheje ubujyakuzimu buto bwo gutema, hakwiye no gutekereza ko ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro wigikoresho cya PCBN bushobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwakataraboneka butinda gukwirakwira, kandi agace kogosha gashobora no gutanga umusaruro woroshye wo koroshya ibyuma, Kugabanya kwambara.
2. Imiterere ya blade hamwe na geometrike yibikoresho bya superhard
Kugena gushyira mu gaciro imiterere na geometrike yibikoresho ni ngombwa cyane gutanga umukino wuzuye mugukata imikorere yigikoresho.Kubijyanye nimbaraga zibikoresho, ibikoresho byibikoresho byimbaraga zuburyo butandukanye kuva hejuru kugeza hasi ni: kuzenguruka, diyama 100 °, kare, 80 ° diyama, mpandeshatu, diyama 55 °, diyama 35 °.Nyuma yo gutoranya ibikoresho byicyuma, imiterere yicyuma hamwe nimbaraga zisumba izindi zizatoranywa.Guhindura ibyuma bikomeye nabyo bigomba gutoranywa binini bishoboka, kandi gutunganya imashini bigomba gukorwa hamwe nuruziga runini kandi runini arc radius.Impanuro arc radiyo igera kuri 0.8 iyo irangije μ Hafi ya m.
Ibyuma bikomye ibyuma ni umutuku kandi woroshye, hamwe nubugome bukomeye, byoroshye kumeneka no kudahambira.Ubuso bukomeye bwo gukata ibyuma bifite ubuziranenge kandi mubisanzwe ntibitanga umusaruro wa chip, ariko imbaraga zo gukata ni nini, cyane cyane imbaraga zo gukata imirasire nini kuruta imbaraga zikomeye zo gukata.Kubwibyo, igikoresho kigomba gukoresha inguni yimbere (genda ≥ - 5 °) hamwe ninguni nini yinyuma (ao = 10 ° ~ 15 °).Inguni nyamukuru itandukana biterwa nuburemere bwibikoresho byimashini, muri rusange 45 ° ~ 60 °, kugirango ugabanye ibiganiro byakazi nigikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-24-2023