Kugeza ubu, inganda zitunganya imashini z’Ubushinwa ziratera imbere byihuse, kandi ibikoresho bimwe bigoye kugabanywa bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’ibikoresho n’inganda zikora neza.Kugirango duhuze ibyifuzo byiterambere byinganda zitunganya imashini zigezweho, dukeneye gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe nimbaraga nyinshi kandi bikomeye.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bikomeye bikoreshwa buhoro buhoro mubikorwa byo gutunganya imashini.Iyi ngingo yibanze ku ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bikomeye mu gutunganya harebwa iterambere ryibikoresho bikomeye, kugirango bitange ibitekerezo byinshuti mubikorwa bimwe.
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora no guhatanira amasoko akomeye, ibisabwa ninganda zikora imashini zikoresha ibikoresho bya mashini nabyo biriyongera, cyane cyane kubikorwa byimiterere yibice bya mashini.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bishya bifite imitungo itandukanye byagaragaye buhoro buhoro muri societe.Ibi bikoresho bishya ntabwo bitera ikibazo gikomeye kubikoresho gakondo byo gutunganya, ariko kandi biragoye kubitunganya.Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byo gutema byateye imbere byabaye urufunguzo rwo guteza imbere inganda zitunganya imashini, kandi ibikoresho bikomeye nta gushidikanya byakoreshejwe mu gutunganya imashini zigezweho.
1. Amateka yiterambere ryibikoresho bikomeye
Mu myaka ya za 1950, abahanga mu bya siyansi b'Abanyamerika bafashe ifu ya diyama ya sintetike, inkwano, hamwe na poro ya karbide ya boron nk'ibikoresho fatizo, babyitwaramo bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi bicumura polycrystalline nk'ibikoresho nyamukuru by'igikoresho.Nyuma ya za 1970, abantu bagiye batezimbere buhoro buhoro ibikoresho, bikozwe muguhuza diyama na karbide ya sima, cyangwa nitride ya boron na karbide ya sima.Muri iryo koranabuhanga, karbide ya sima ifatwa nka substrate, kandi hakozwe urwego rwa diyama hejuru yubutaka mukanda cyangwa gucumura.Diyama ifite uburebure bwa mm 0,5 kugeza kuri 1.Ibikoresho nkibi ntibishobora gusa kunoza uburyo bwo kugoreka ibikoresho, ariko kandi birashobora gukemura neza ikibazo ibikoresho gakondo bitoroshye gusudira.Ibi byazamuye ibikoresho bikomeye kugirango winjire murwego rwo gusaba.
2. Gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye mubikoresho
(1) Gukoresha ibikoresho bya kristu imwe ya kirisiti
Diyama imwe ya kirisiti isanzwe igabanyijemo diyama yubukorikori na diyama isanzwe.Mubisanzwe, niba diyama imwe ya kirisiti ikoreshwa mugukora igikoresho, birakenewe guhitamo diyama ifite ubunini bunini, ubwinshi burenga 0.1 g n'uburebure bwa diameter burenze mm 3.Kugeza ubu, diyama karemano ni ibintu bigoye cyane mu myunyu ngugu.Ntabwo ifite imyambarire myiza yo kwambara gusa, ahubwo nigikoresho cyayikoze kirakaze cyane.Mugihe kimwe, ifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira cyane hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro.Igikoresho cyatunganijwe kiroroshye kandi cyiza.Muri icyo gihe, igikoresho gikozwe muri diyama karemano gifite igihe kirekire kandi kiramba.Mubyongeyeho, mugihe ukata umwanya muremure, ntabwo bizagira ingaruka kumikorere yibice.Ugereranije ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro burashobora kugira ingaruka nziza mukurinda guhindura ibice.
Diyama isanzwe ifite ibyiza byinshi.Nubwo izo nyungu zihenze, zirashobora kuzuza ibisabwa mubikorwa byinshi byo gukata neza kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugukata neza no gukata ultra-precision.Nkokwerekana indorerwamo zikoresha reaction ya atome nubundi buhanga bugezweho, hamwe na giroskopi yo kugendagenda kubutaka ikoreshwa kuri misile cyangwa roketi, hamwe nibice bimwe byo kureba, ibikoresho byuma, nibindi, byakoresheje ubwo buhanga.
(2) Gukoresha ibikoresho bya diyama polycrystalline
Diyama ya Polycrystalline ikunze kwitwa diyama yacumuye.Gukoresha diyama ya polycrystalline ku byuma nka cobalt, binyuze mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi, bizatuma diyama nyinshi imwe ya pisitori ya pisitori ya polyisikaline iba imwe, bityo igakora ibikoresho bya polycristaline.Ubukomezi bwa diyama polycrystalline iri munsi yubwa diyama karemano.Nyamara, ikozwe nifu ya diyama itandukanye, kandi ntakibazo ko indege zitandukanye za kirisiti zifite imbaraga nubukomezi butandukanye.Iyo ukata, gukata bikozwe muri diyama ya polycrystalline bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhangana nimpanuka nimpanuka nziza.Irashobora kugumya gukata igihe kinini ugereranije.Mugihe kimwe, irashobora gukoresha umuvuduko ukabije mugihe cyo gutunganya.Ugereranije na WC ibikoresho bya karbide ya sima, ibikoresho bya diyama polycrystalline bifite igihe kirekire cyo gukora, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho bya sintetike nibiciro biri hasi.
(3) Gukoresha diyama ya CVD
Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bya diyama ya CVD bitunganywa n'umuvuduko muke, ibyo bikaba bitandukanye cyane n'ikoranabuhanga gakondo rya PSC n'ikoranabuhanga rya PDC.CVD diamant ntabwo irimo ibintu byose byabigenewe.Nubwo isa na diyama karemano mubintu bimwe na bimwe, iracyari imwe na diyama ya polycristaline mubikoresho, ni ukuvuga ibinyampeke bigize ibinyabuzima bitunganijwe neza, kubura ubuso bworoshye, kandi bifite imiterere imwe hagati yubuso.Ugereranije nibikoresho bikozwe nubuhanga gakondo, ibikoresho byakozwe na tekinoroji ya diyama ya CVD bifite ibyiza byinshi, nkuburyo bwibikoresho bigoye cyane, igiciro gito cyumusaruro, hamwe nibyuma byinshi byicyuma kimwe.
(4) Gukoresha polycrystalline cubic boron nitride
Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) nigikoresho gikunze gukoreshwa cyane, gikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya.Igikoresho cyakozwe nubuhanga gifite ubukana buhebuje no kwambara birwanya.Ntishobora gukoreshwa gusa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ariko kandi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.Ugereranije nibikoresho bya PCD na PDC, ibikoresho bya polycrystalline cubic boron nitride biracyari hasi mukurwanya kwambara, ariko birashobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe kuri 1200 ℃ kandi birashobora kwihanganira kwangirika kwimiti!
Kugeza ubu, nitride ya polycrystalline ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibinyabiziga, nka moteri y’imodoka, amashanyarazi, na disiki ya feri.Mubyongeyeho, hafi kimwe cya gatanu cyibikoresho biremereye nabyo bikoresha ubu buhanga.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa hamwe na tekinoroji ya mashini ya CNC, ikoreshwa rya nitride ya polycrystalline cubic boron nitride ryarushijeho gukwirakwira, kandi hamwe no gushyira mubikorwa ibitekerezo byogutezimbere nko guca umuvuduko mwinshi, guhindukira aho gusya, igikoresho ibikoresho bya polycrystalline cubic boron nitride yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro mubintu byingenzi mugutunganya ibintu bigezweho.
3. Incamake
Gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye mugutunganya ntabwo bizamura ubwiza nubushobozi bwo gutunganya gusa, ahubwo binagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere inganda zitunganya imashini.Kubwibyo, kugirango duteze imbere iterambere ryinganda zitunganya imashini, birakenewe guhora dushimangira ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bikomeye, gusobanukirwa neza ubumenyi bujyanye nibikoresho bikomeye, no gushimangira imyitozo yo gusaba, atari ukuzamura ireme gusa abakozi, ariko kandi gushimangira ikoreshwa rya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga mugutezimbere ibikoresho bikomeye, kugirango tumenye iterambere ryinganda zinganda zitunganya imashini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-03-2019